Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray Essay

Thomas Gray’s poem, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, was first published in 1751. Gray’s idea of rustic life as describe in this poem is agrarian and devoted to the land. He talks of the plow turning the sod and of the sickle mowing down the grain. He mentions the plowmen driving their team of draught animals from the fields. He tells of straw sheds and of people awaking to the crow of the rooster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray uses the metaphor of sleep to describe death. He says that those asleep no longer hear the voices of children or the touch and the kisses of those loved ones. He describes death as lending a cold ear and those dead as no longer hearing a call to honor nor does it hear any words of flattery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray comments on the deaths of the rich and powerful, saying that those dead are no better off than the poor dead rustics. He says that the fact that the rich man’s bones are in some fine urn does not allow him to enjoy his mansion any more than the farmer enjoys the humble earth in which his bones are placed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray takes on the issue of class as a rhetorical device to get his point across that the rewards for both are equal and that death is a leveler of the playing field. He impresses upon the reader the fact that in the humble churchyard may lie the remains of a life that had potential for greatness. He says that many sweet blossoms bloom, live and crumble to dust unseen and unknown by anyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I were to be lying in the graveyard of the country church I would like to have Gray say of me that I was a friend of heaven, of course, and that I saw and enjoyed the dawns of my days and lived my life to the fullest. Now that I am dead left me sleep in peace and forgive and forget the frailties I displayed on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gray, T.   Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 1751

Cadburys Business Assignment Essay

The business that I have chosen to is Cadburys I have chosen to use the product will it is a well knows product that many people know and love, I have chosen this product because it has a very wide range of target audience and Cadburys is a well known business so information will be easy to access and to gather. The nature of the business is simple it is to provide sugary treats to the public the main target audience I would say would be children I would say from the ages of 4 onwards, the customers would be every one that likes chocolate they have a wide range of products such a cream egg this would appeal more to children than adults I would say as they adverts and the angle of the marketing addresses to children’s humour and to the nature of the commercial side of the business were as the product such a a dairy milk bar would appeal to a wider range of people such as adults as its simple and has very little child like qualities. The business brings out new products quite of ten so this would build on the companies reputation and would also help its sales figures as new products appeal to the customers curious nature as if a new product comes out that is advertised well, will make you want to try it and see what it is like, as Cadburys have a wide range of products there is pretty much a product for every one so the target audience is vast. Because of its large product range it will have more customers and because it has been around a long time this would mean that allot of people would have known about it and there for the audience and the people that buy the product will be greater than new businesses or newer businesses such as galaxy. The business Cadburys has existed since 1842 this shows the public that the business is a reliable and trust worthy business and obviously has a good range of products. Cadburys was founded almost 200 years ago and was opened by john Cadburys on bull street in Birmingham in 1824, he started of by making drinking chocolate then expanded by making chocolate and other products. Cadburys is a plc so it is a private limited company so this means it has public shares so the public would be involved in the business. The business is not based anywhere anymore but has business every were and this would make it a world wide company. The main competitors would be businesses such as galaxy and nesquik and other chocolate and sweat manufactures. My companies corporate aims would be to be able to make a healthy profit and be able to keep the business running at a high standard. The objectives of the business would be to be making lots of good quality chocolate and to be always be improving the quality of the chocolate and the recipes, other objectives would be to make their business fully fair trade as this would help the reputation of the business. Another objective would be to expand the business to have lots of stores world wide to increase the popularity of the business, doing this the business would need to make sure that they will be able to survive the market and make it an on going business. To create chocolate that appeals to all ages of the audience they do this by making sure that all of their ingredients are all at a high quality standard this includes fair trade products this would make their products more appealable to their target audience. Due to the nature of the business i think that they should cover some of the gaps such as creating more new products and possibly placing more Cadburys shop around the less populated areas around the country. I also feel as if Cadburys aims and objective are to do with the cream egg are easy and do able and make them accessible to smaller areas and smaller businesses such as corner shops. I have chosen Cadburys Cream Egg for my product that I am researching throughout my assignments, I have chosen this product as it is a noticed and a very well known brand and this product has been out for a while so there would be information to follow up on and to research about, this will be helpful with completing my assignments that I have been given, I have managed to find out allot about this business and this product so I am pleased with my decision. I am going to be finding out about the general aims and objectives for my chosen product that the business has set, I will also be discovering the SMART rule and I will be providing the basis for my marketing plan. I will be introducing this by using sections of the brief to make my plan, also researching the business. Cadburys used to be a family business and was running smoothly until the company went bankrupt in march 2010, since this Cadbury was acquired by Kraft Foods in March 2010. Kraft foods is an American based company that specializes in food such as chocolate and beverages. Kraft foods is a exceedingly good business earning around 1 billion dollars each year, and sells to over 170 different countries. Kraft foods is a public limited company. An aim is where the business wants to go in the future, its goals. It is a statement of purpose, e.g. we want to grow the business. A business aim is the goal a business wants to achieve. A primary aim for all business organizations is to add value and in the private sector this involves making a profit. More strategic aims include expansion, market leadership and brand building. A business o Objectives within an organization are established at a number of levels from top level corporate objectives, down to team objectives and individual objectives that create a framework for operational activities. These are often translated into targets which help to motivate staff in reaching short-term goals. Objectives therefore provide a clear structure for all of the various activities that an organization carries out. By measuring how well an objective has or has not been achieved, managers can make necessary changes to their activities to ensure progress and achievement of the stated objectives are made within the timescale allocated objective is a detailed picture of a step you plan to take in order to achieve a stated aim. A way to create this would to use the SMART rule.. Specific – clear and easy to understand. Measurable – i.e. able to be quantified. Achievable – possible to be attained. Realistic – not ‘pie in the sky’. Time bound – associated with a specific time period For example†¦. The aims of Cadburys are 1. Improving farmer incomes by helping farms to increase their yields and produce top quality beans. 2. Introducing new sources of rural income through microfinance and business support to kick start new rural businesses and introduce additional income streams such as growing other crops. Developing communities by helping them meet their own goals and improve rural life. For example, by supporting health through building wells for clean, safe water; education, through schools and libraries; and the environment through bio-diversity projects. 4. Working in partnership a pioneering model led from the grass roots. Farmers, governments, NGOs and international agencies work together to decide how the funding is spent and work with local organizations to turn plans into action. Cadbury is an international company that make, market and sell exclusive brands chocolate. Cadbury have achieved this effectively for over 200 years. The reason they are so successful is because they have a apparent and a clear understanding of the requirements and needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders. SMART stands for .. †¢Specific †¢Measurable †¢Achievable †¢Realistic †¢Timed Smart means objectives- they break up the aim into small do able task’s to make the job easier and achievable. Specific – Objectives should specify what they want to achieve, For example a soft drinks company may want to achieve 3% market share in 12 months. Measurable – You should be able to measure whether you are meeting the objectives or not to continue to run your business in a organised and professional manor, for example a market share over 12 months means that each month market share targets can be measured against a specific goal. Achievable – Are the objectives you set, achievable to be able to carry on your business plan, an example for this would be over a period of time such as one year 12 months you need to be able to know does the company have the resources, man power and finances to achieve the goal. Realistic Can you realistically achieve the objectives with the resources you have such as space finance and staff and equipment, and does the company need more time than 1 mouths to get to the standard that the owner want. Time- this would mean when you want to set a time for the objectives and aims that you have set yourself and the marketing there need to be a date and able to make it specific and achievable, such as some business set a 12 month business plan to achieve these goals. Marketing objectives should be based on understanding your strengths and weaknesses, and the business environment you operate in. They should also be linked to your overall business strategy for example if the business id doing well and the sales increase by 15% in the last year then you should set a business plan that will help boost encourage the market sales further for example leading out a new product or different advertising to appeal more the customers. This should follow the SMART rules. For Cadburys cream egg i would need to use SMART to make my business plan specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timed, for example mine would be to boost market sales by 20% in 6 months by April 1st, i will do this by creating a new angle for the cream egg and make the advertising the product in a new way and maybe reshaping the product, for example such as Kellogg’s Special K they reinvented this product by advertising it so it would be a new slimming product it was targeted at women middle aged women as these area of people are the most likely to buy the product, this was effective and is now a top seller cereal. This is Realistic as i will have the eight resources and the finances to do this goal, this objective will be finished in 6 months time on the 1st of April 2012.

Develop a list of sources of financing for a small business Essay

Develop a list of sources of financing for a small business - Essay Example In this source, a proprietor uses own savings or borrows or sells a personal item such as bonds, mutual funds, stocks, or real estate to fund his/her business. In addition, one may use home-equity line of credit to finance own business. Furthermore, one could give loans or merely contribute money to own business. The other sources of contribution include family and friends with access to more cash than the proprietor does. The second sources of finance for small businesses are banks. In fact, in current times, banks have become quite instrumental not only in supporting already established small businesses but also in giving start-up loans for new small businesses (Burk & Lehmann, 2006). Unfortunately, banks have quite cumbersome conditions to be met before small business loans are approved. For instance, banks have to establish the credit worthiness of the borrowing business of person, more so with regards to a business’ money-making history. That is, commercial banks would wa nt to be assured that the loaned will be able to repay the lent sum plus the interests therein. It is thus imperative that the person seeking a loan from a bank draws up a good business plan in addition to the collateral against which the loan is to be given. If not, the borrower must have a guarantor or a cosigner who must satisfy the bank that he/she will repay the loan if the borrower fails to pay. Venture Capital Firms is the other common source of financing for small business. These firms give funds to small businesses considered and believed to have outstanding growth potential. On a rather negative note, quite a few small businesses are financed by venture capital firms. Being financed by venture capital firms is significantly unlike getting financed by bank loans. In fact, venture capital lenders have a right not only to the repayment of the capital but also on the interest earned by the loan, notwithstanding the profits or losses/failure

Global Trends Impact in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Trends Impact in China - Essay Example Even though, the immense popularity gained by the ‘China Bashing’ in the global media, there is very little existing analytical work on the overall economic impact of China. The size of China is a key issue which is very debatable. The economic size is an ambitious thing to quantify. â€Å"It is well known that market exchange rates do not properly weight differences in living costs, may fluctuate by large amounts, and may be subject to manipulation by governments† (Robertson, 2) The GDP of China according to the exchange rates is half the size of the United States. Therefore, if looking closely, China has awfully large range of 50% to 125% of the GDP of the United States. â€Å"China is projected to be the largest economic power with almost a fifth of world gross domestic product (GDP), and India will continue to rise. The two Asian giants will have by far the biggest middle classes in the world (23 and 18 per cent of global middle class consumption in 2030, respectively).† (Global trends and Chinas future|Comment|chinadaily.com.cn) Due to the introduction of the economic reforms, there had been a boost and the economy of China gradually grew faster than the pre reform period. From 1953 to 1978, real annual GDP was estimated at 6.7% according to the Chinese government. Economist Agnus Maddison estimated China’s average annual real GDP during this period at 4.4%. However during the leadership of Mao Zedong (Chairman), the China economy faced economic downfalls. China was able to double the size of its economy since 1979 as its average real GDP increased to 10%. â€Å"The global economic slowdown, which began in 2008, impacted the Chinese economy. China’s real GDP growth fell from 14.2% in 2007 to 9.6% in 2008, and slowed to 9.2% in 2009. In response, the Chinese government implemented a large economic stimulus package and an expansive monetary policy.† (Morrison, 3) Due to these actions and measures taken, the domestic saving and consumption boosted and

Reflection Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection Assignment - Essay Example However, my friends and my parents jointly helped me prepare for my exams. My friends would convey me at my home what the teachers had taught in a particular day, and updated me on class exercises. They had been kind enough to spend a lot of time with me at my home and make me memorize the lessons on daily basis. My mother would make a visit to the school everyday after work to fetch me notes and ensure that I was updated on the on-going lessons. By the grace of God and through mutual effort of my parents and my friends, I happened to go through the exams with flying colors. I had a slight idea that my papers had gone exceptionally well, but I did not know they went good enough to earn me a trophy. It was a bright summer morning in April. My parents accompanied me to the school to see how well had I done. My heart lurched for I was very conscious about going to see how well had I done after having remained ill for a considerably long period. The school was decorated with ribbons, balloons and posters. About 1000 seats were aligned in the huge ground of the school to cater for all students and their parents. On one corner of the ground was a table covered with white cloth. There were silver trophies with red, blue and green ribbons tied round their necks arranged in rows. My father told me that red ones were for those who stood first, blues pertained to the students who came second, and green ribboned trophies were meant for those who stood third in the class. I had always fancied getting one of those trophies, no matter what color the ribbon on it was. They were of special significance to me because I had never got them before. I had seen in my previous classes how my class fe llows who achieved positions were appreciated not only by their parents, teachers and school administration, but also the class fellows including me envied them. I always wondered how much effort it takes to secure one of the top

Unit 6 PP mini Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 PP mini - Coursework Example Diversity is very critical when it comes to the aspect of a high-performance team. An effective team has to have members who have a widespread range of experiences and skills from which to draw for guidance, motivation and support (Melton, 2008). In reference to the birthday planning project, diversity is necessary since the party involves many activities such as decoration, cleaning of the environment, invitation, and purchase of requirements. The team members have to have particular weaknesses and strengths that complement each other. Another example, where diversity is necessary, is during the actual party where each team member is expected to play his/her role for the team to run smoothly. A high-performance team rely on effective communication so as to pool their work efforts (Rad & Levin, 2003). Additionally, there should be effective written and oral communication that is concise and clear. It is also important for each team member to feel contented and able to speak out about his/her given responsibilities making effective communication is vital to the birthday party project. Effective communication allows the team member to provide their creative ideas on the topic, and this is very important for the birthday party. A team member may add an idea, for instance, towards the decoration of the party. Clear goals and expectations drive a high-performance team. Having a team working toward the same objective and should be undoubtedly understood by all the team members (Melton, 2008). Additionally, each team members has to know their responsibilities clearly in the project. In reference to the birthday party project, all the team members should be mindful that the end goal is to create the best birthday party without any setbacks. The team members also have to know their responsibilities properly and take them seriously so as to achieve the end goal. Lastly, members of a high-performance team have to trust each other in

Recruitment and Hiring Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recruitment and Hiring - Term Paper Example This is a positive development, for otherwise, important private information will be subject to misuse and exploitation. The rest of this essay will outline key laws, regulations and principles for recruiters to mull over as they discharge their duties in the HRM department. It is common practice for employers to scrutinize past behavior of a potential employee and make sure that the latter is not prone to criminal or other disruptive behavior. (Connerley, et. al., 2001, p.73) But conducting background checks on prospective employees is wrought with risk. Previous employers are also caught in a quagmire for the risk of eliciting a defamation suit from disgruntled former employees. Hence, employers should make sure that they abstain from giving false or defamatory statement regarding their former employees. Other criteria that could lead to a defamation claim are: â€Å"an unprivileged publication to a third party; fault amounting at least to negligence on the part of the publisher; and either action-ability of the statement irrespective of special harm or the existence of special harm caused by the publication.† (Long, 1997, p.190) Hence, in order to comply with state and federal laws, careful avoidance of defamation of former employees is crucial. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the foundation for modern corporate defamation laws. It lays out the limits and expectations of the legal relationship between workers and their managers, especially Title VII of the Act. The courts and state legislatures, having identified that the employees are the ones holding upper hand in defamation suits have promulgated statutory reforms in recent years. It is perhaps a measure of these reforms that â€Å"in an effort to increase the free exchange of references, at least twenty-six states now provide some type of statutory immunity for employers when they provide a reference. Prior to 1995, only five states had such laws.† (Long, 1997, p.190) Hence it is important for employers to ensure no discrimination exists, either in the form of racism, sexism or ageism in the hiring process. It is also important that the tests for selection and appraisal are standardized in order to prevent claims of arbitrary and / or discriminatory hiring practices. (Fuss & Snowden, 2004, p.54) Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact are two theories under Title VII of the United States Civil Rights Act. Together, they were intended to prohibit discriminatory actions on part of employers toward racial, sexual or class minorities. The theory of Disparate Treatment first came into judicial discourse in the Griggs v. Duke Power Co. During and after this case, the term â€Å"business necessity† became central to deciding such cases. If business managers treat minorities in a disparate manner in the absence of compelling business needs, then their action can be construed as discriminatory and in violation of provisions under Title VII. In all disparate treatment c ases, â€Å"whether the issue is the truth or falsity of the employer's reason for its action, or the co-existence of legitimate and illegitimate motives, whether the plaintiff puts on direct or circumstantial evidence, or both, the issue at the liability stage is simply whether the plaintiff has shown, by a preponderance of the evidence, that discrimination was a motivating factor in the employment decision.† (Drachsler, 2005, p.230) The Civil Rights Act of 1991,

Small Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Small Business Management - Essay Example If the company decided to open another online store it would not impact the cash position of the company. The firm will be able to absorb the additional cost of opening a new store without hurting the liquidity of the firm. 2. Is My Friend Bookstore a good candidate for franchising? I do not think that My Friend Bookstore is a good candidate for franchising. The firm is currently operating under special circumstances which may not be able to be replicated. The company has no fixed cost because it operates out of a dorm. The dorm location allows the firm to deliver books to the university students free of charge. The prime location also gives the company an advantage as far as having a great supply of used books since college students have so many books. The used book market is also very risky. Since publishers changed editions almost every year the used textbooks become obsolete very fast. Another disadvantage of franchising the business concept is that it is very easy to duplicate a n online bookstore. It might become hard to sell franchises of a product that has such a low barrier of entry. 3. Describe what the owners would have to do to prepare to franchise their business? There are different steps that must be taken to move a company from a single operation to a franchise. The first step is to determine whether the company is ready to take this huge step. The business concept must be evaluated to determine if the offering is unique and if there is a market for the product or service being offered. The company must be in a good financial condition to absorb the initial cost of the expansion plan such as added infrastructure and marketing expenses. Prior to making the step of choosing the franchise model management must evaluate all other expansion strategies such as joint venture, strategic alliances, licensing, and subsidiaries. The second big step in forming a franchise is to comply with legal requirements. A business prior to selling franchises in the Unit ed States must register a franchise disclosure document with the Federal Trade Commission (Tice, 2011). The firm has to create a plan on how to advertise to sell franchises either domestically or internationally. Once the franchises are sold the firm has to serve the franchises. This includes giving training, selling inventory, and providing advertising. 4. The three partners own the bookstore equally. What are some of the difficulties they may encounter in sharing management duties equally? It is not uncommon for a business venture to have more than one owner. In this case there are three partners in charge of My Friends Bookstore. The partners might face difficulties dividing the managerial work because there is not a clear division of labor among the partners. It is more ideal to have only one manager in charge of the operation. This way the employees will know exactly which instructions to follow. When there are several people serving the managerial role the employees might get mixed messages from the managerial staff. Another problem is that the partners might face conflict regarding how to divide the managerial functions. It is possible that under this scenario that one partner might want to take advantage of the other as far as passing on the managerial work to the next person. 5. What processes might the owners put in place to clarify their duties as equal partners? A way that the partners can divide work duties in a more orderly manner is to create

Is this Ethical Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is this Ethical - Coursework Example According to the code, employees working in an International Widget must always deliver their services to the benefit of the international widget. It is unacceptable for them to provide services to another company or similar service provider that is competing with the one they are working for. This is exactly what John has done and having read the code before he was employed, he remains answerable to the employer for breaking the terms of employment. On top of this, an employee of an International Widget must not engage into any type of a business pact or relationship that will not benefit the one they are working for. Since the aim of the job and its contractual agreement is based on the satisfaction of the customers who guarantees the job and hence the payment, any act that contravenes that can lead to losing the job or any other penalty that the employer sees best to be applied. Gloria being the director of the enterprise can decide to explore the code of conduct that an employee should show in a job scenario to take legal actions against John. When one becomes the employee of a given firm or company he or she must always show impartiality and integrity while performing his or her duties. Interacting with competitors while still being an employee of the International Widget leads to a legal fold up that can lead to paying of damages for the lost clients and the payment you have been getting while not performing your mandated roles as per the law and your contractual agreement. Any employee must perform his or her roles according or adhering to the set federal or local laws and due to this it is clear that John has broken them (Archibald, 2014). Any employee is allowed to offer or present a letter of resignation whenever he feels that he do not want to continue working at the current job. However, working with competitors while still in the job cannot be

Electrical and Electronic principles Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electrical and Electronic principles - Lab Report Example When connected to the DC power source, the current flows through the circuit. The potential difference increases while the capacitor is being charged. When the voltage on the terminals is of the capacitors is equal to the power supply voltage, the capacitor is fully charged. When the circuit is disconnected from the power supply, the capacitor is said to be discharging through the resistors. The voltage across the circuits then drops gradually until it is zero. At first, there is very little charge in the circuit. When power is supplied from the DC source, a charge builds up in the both the resistors and the capacitors. It is noted that as the charge increases in the circuit, the current recorded on the circuit gets smaller. From the experiment carried out above, we can learn that the changes in both the voltage and current in a multisim circuit when charging and discharging. The charge Q in a circuit is dependent on the amount of voltage present and in turn this influences the current measured on the circuit. When the amount of charge gets larger, the amount of current measured gets smaller. When discharging, the voltage across the resistors and the capacitors drops gradually until it reduces to zero. The phase angles of both current and the voltage in this circuit have equal but opposite magnitude. The tests carried out in the lab and through simulation of the multisim circuit have been used to demonstrate that these conclusions are true. In conclusion, it has the concept of charging and recharging of multisim circuits has been well understood and all the factors that influence the obtained results have been identified hence the objective has been fully

Book of Prophet Isaiah Essay Example for Free

Book of Prophet Isaiah Essay Prophet Isaiah, the son of Amos, was descended from a royal tribe. Isaiah was born during the reign of King Uzziah, Jothan, Ahaz, Hezekiah and Jehovah. During his reign the nation as a whole enjoyed times of prosperity and temporal development. The whole nation mourned his passing from the scene at a time when his presence seemed needed the most. Under him the worship of Jehovah was encouraged but he was not strong enough to secure the destruction of the high places where idolatrous practices were continued. His reign must be ranked as one of the outstanding of the southern kingdom. He walked in the ways of his father, and under him the people continued to worship the Lord Jehovah after the manner of the commandment, though still the places of idolatry were allowed to remain. Ahaz, whose whole reign was one chronicle of disaster and destruction. With an absolute abandon, Ahaz gave himself over to the overthrow of the ordained order of worship, broke the commandment in almost every detail, destroyed the temple worship and finally closed the doors of the house of God. In the most calculated manner he conspired to obliterate the memory of the service of the Lord of all Israel, the Redeemer and the Holy One. Then he was followed on the throne by his son Hezekiah, who was very unlike his fathers and set about reviving the worship in the temple, which his father had abolished. He attempted, with some success to obliterate idol worship, and to deliver his people from the yoke of foreign power. It was under him that Isaiah came into his own, and was treated with high favour. In this position he was given every opportunity for the use of his keen and divinely inspired power of discernment into the facts of the contemporary situation. The name, Isaiah, means Jehovah saves, or Jehovah is salvation, and through days of crisis and disaster greater than any before in the history of the people, his call was constantly to faith in the One Who alone could save the land. His role was ever that of inspiring and challenging the drooping spirits of the men of Judah at times when hope seemed dead. His ministry was a long one stretching as it did through the reigns of Uzziah, Jothan, Ahaz and Hezekiah. His fathers name was Amoz, and there is a Jewish tradition that he was a brother of King Amaziah; in which case Isaiah would be the cousin of King Uzziah. Naturally enough, it is impossible to be really sure of this, but it is certainly a reasonable explanation of the fact that Isaiah enjoyed immediate and regular entrance to the royal house. And also that he had the ear of the most influential people of his day. In spite of this, he remained a simple and undaunted spokesman for Jehovah, and tradition again affirms that it was for this reason that he was put to death in the reign of the wicked Manasseh, Hezekiahs successor. He was married and he himself called his wife the prophetess (Isaiah 8:3). He had two children, one named Shear-jashubl, which means a remnant shall return, and the other Maher-shalalhashbaz, which means haste ye to the spoil. These names were given to them as portents of what was to come and also as a reinforcement of the prophets predictive message. Apart from this, there is little else known of his personal history except what is found in the book itself. The exact length of his ministry is not known for sure, but he definitely laboured for at least forty years. From the last year of King Uzziahs reign 740 B.C. to the fourteenth year of ther reign of King Hezekiah in 701 B.C. and it is clear that through all this period of time his call and challenge were unremitting and persistent. His aim was ever definite the establishment of the worship of the Lord in righteousness and truth amongst the chosen race. His Message Isaiahs prophecy, the longest of all the Old Testament prophecies divides first of all quite naturally into two parts, chapters 1-39, and 40-66. Because of this split, critics during the last century have seen fit to decide that two separate authors are responsible for the prophecy and that the second one was written some hundred years after the first one. Unfortunately, there is nothing in the prophecy itself by the way of names and such like to establish the truth or the falsehood of this statement. However the nature of the second part of the book seems to indicate that it was said to a nation at a time when they were in a completely different condition from that of the exile in Babylon, during which time some people maintain that it was written. As well as these two separate parts, the prophecy also divides into nine sections. The Book of Isaiah (Hebrew: × ¡Ã— ¤Ã— ¨ ×™× ©Ã— ¢Ã—™×”) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, preceding Ezekiel, Jeremiah and the Book of the Twelve. (The order of the subsequent books differs somewhat in the Christian Old Testament). The first 39 chapters prophesy doom for a sinful Judah and for all the nations of the world that oppose God, while the last 27 prophesy the restoration of the nation of Israel and a new creation in Gods glorious future kingdom;[1] this section includes the Songs of the Suffering Servant, four separate passages referring to the nation of Israel, interpreted by Christians as prefiguring the coming of Jesus Christ.

The Ins and Outs of Assessment Essay Example for Free

The Ins and Outs of Assessment Essay What is an Assessment? As I ask myself this question, memories from my educational experience pass through my mind. I am forced to recall many tests, quizzes and fear that have embedded my mind with a horrific sense of anxiety. The fear, I believe, is the cause of the thought that I may not excel in the lesson that I had been taught. Then I ask myself, is that what an assessment was meant to accomplish? Through my readings, I have learned that an assessment is an educational process that requires documentation of knowledge that a student has received from a lesson. The documentation of the assessment can be based on the individual student or the class as a whole. Assessments are a collection of data in order to improve upon the educational development of a learner. Assessments also help improve the learning standards and benchmarks within the classroom. This practice will allow me, as a teacher, to improve my teaching ability and evolve as a better educator. I have also learned, through my readings, what an assessment is not. An assessment is not an end goal that determines a student’s educational worth in a subject area. Assessments are not the only data that is used in evaluating the progress of a student in a particular program of study. The process of assessing students’ progress is only useless when the evaluation is done poorly. If this practice does not reflect goals and values of particular disciplines, the assessment should be reevaluated. There are two main categories of assessment: summative and formative. Summative assessments are used to evaluate how effective an instructional program has been to student. This assessment is typically given at the end of a particular lesson, unit or academic year. Summative assessments are used to make a judgment of the competency of a student after a particular lesson has been completed. This evaluation is issued to determine if a learner has mastered a specific standard or benchmark. It is also administered in order to identify areas of instruction that may need additional attention or modification. Such assessments are given in the form of standardized test that typically have a single score. Summative assessments are typically a good evaluation for educators and school systems, however; such data does not individually reflect the misunderstandings that may hinder a learner’s potential  evolvement. Formative assessment is used to improve instructional methods and student feedback throughout the teaching and learning process. Formative evaluations are performed in a gradual, step-by-step procedure in order to observe a student’s grasp of a concept. This process is demonstrated by on-going assessments, as well as, reviews and observations in the classroom setting. Through an educators observations, the teacher can reconstruct the instructional strategy sooner rather than later, in order to insure the validation on the lesson. Formative assessments may be administered in the form of quizzes or performance tasks in the classroom. Assessing a learner formatively allows for more retention of the instructional material, and a better grasp on building upon that material. Assessment expectations desired by instructors are the effectiveness of the outcome. I think that a teacher should strive for every student’s ability. In reaching this goal, instructors must set realistic expectations for the students that one may teach. In setting goals for the students, students must have a clear understanding of what is expected of the instruction and lessons. I believe that each expectation that is set for a student should resemble that particular child’s ability and need. Each expectation should be a reflection of a student’s prior knowledge and the instructional connection between concept and practice. Exercising realistic expectations within the classroom can be easily established through the purposes of assessments. Instructors give assessments to students to identify areas of weakness which can result in the determination to give better teaching instruction. There are four purposes for assessment of students: Monitoring student progress, making instructional decisions, evaluating student achievement and evaluating progress. The first purpose of assessment is monitoring student progress. After setting realistic expectations, data should be compiled to give the student and instructor feedback about the progression of the expectations that were set. This assessment purpose is a continual process that may result in formal or informal data. This data, however; can lead to the individual progression of each student. The second purpose for assessment is making instructional decisions. Instructors will use collected data of students’ understanding to modify teaching processes in order to give better instruction to the student. In order for the teacher to modify the instructional tasks for a student, the teacher will observe the student. This observation will allow the instructor to understand the way the particular student thinks and applies instruction; therefore, making the instruction fit the child, rather than fitting the child to the instruction. The third purpose for assessment is evaluating student achievement. In evaluating a student’s achievement, an instructor will examine the student and make an informed judgment on the progress the student is obtaining. The judgment is based on the abilities of that certain student rather than in comparison to other students in the class. This allows the student to receive a more individualized evaluation that reflects on the goals that are set for him or her. The fourth purpose for assessment is evaluating programs. This assessment is a compiled evaluation of the class, as a whole, in order to make modifications to the instruction given to the students. These modifications will allow students to, not only set high expectations, but meet high expectations as well. It is my opinion that changes in assessments need to develop in order to keep such evaluations in line with reform efforts. Some of the assessments that are used today seem dated and may not give correct validation of a student’s understanding. Assessing a student’s educational potential is a group effort for all that are involved in the education of a child. Assessments for observing students’ education, making instructional judgments, and evaluating a student’s achievements have been in the hands of classroom teachers, whereas assessments for gaging programs have been supported by agencies outside the classroom. I believe that assessments for all purposes need to be more vulnerable and mutual; meaning, instructors should be involved in the assessment process for all purposes. The primary responsibility for assessment must be a shared effort if it is to meet the needs of today’s students.

Comparison Characters In The Scarlet Letter Literature Essay

Comparison Characters In The Scarlet Letter Literature Essay The Scarlet Letter is a classic, American novel written by renowned author, Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter follows three characters, Hester Prynn, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Pearl. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the novel in 1850. The Scarlet Letter includes in his novel the infamous Christian view of sin and the knowledge that follows it. There are four dynamic characters that are featured in the The Scarlet Letter, Hester, her daughter, Pearl; her husband, Chillingworth; and the Reverend Dimmesdale. The Scarlet Letter is characteristic of the story of Adam and Eve because of the sin that was committed and desecrated the lives of those who were involved, as well as what would lead to the demise of their souls. The Scarlet Letter also has many of the symbolic details that are contained within the tale of Cain and Abel because of the sin that was committed, and how the A on the bosom of Hesters gown symbolized the mark of Cain. When we first meet Hester Prynn, she is a prisoner in a jail in the Boston, Massachusetts area during a time when puritans were the main population. The character of Hester is rather flat and non-dynamic. The reader is more aware of the sins that Hester committed, rather than who she is as one of the main characters in the book and what her place is. After her affair with the Reverend Dimmesdale, Hester is shamed by the community for her acts that are spread across the township. Hester is married to a man that she claims that she does not love, his name is Chillingworth. Hester is a very strong-willed woman and this is seen primarily through the first few chapters before she meets Chillingworth. After the alienation of Hester by society, Hester becomes more of an open-minded thinker. The happenings that happen to Prynn shape her into a more motherly figure for her daughter, Pearl, who is born after the tryst. Pearl is first introduced as the baby that is pressed against Hester when she emerges from the doorway. Pearl is an adolescent for most of the novel. The imperative fact about Pearl is her ability to instigate the mature figures of the story. She is able to capture the attention of her elders through means of bringing questions about, ones that are particularly direct and piercing. Pearl is always making the reader aware of the fact that her mother, Hester, has the letter that is embroidered on her gown and the fact that the people of the community and the market are emphasizing it. Ironically, in the latter part of the book, Pearl is the one that states the disappointment of Dimmesdale to admit his portion of the situation that caused the shame to be placed on Hester. Hawthornes characters names all have certain meaning to them. One of the best examples is that of Chillingworth, Roger Chillingworth. Roger is the husband of Hester, but as his name suggest, he is a very cold person that is void of warmth and comfort. For most of the time he is not affectionate towards his wife like a husband should be; although his wife was expected by him to be affectionate towards him. Chillingworth would be considered the antagonist of the novel. He is representative of forms of unacceptable knowledge. The last of the important characters is the Reverend Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale is the man that is involved in the tryst between him and Hester. The book states that the reverend was a very intelligent and educated man that had received his education from the prestigious Oxford University. After the affair that takes place, Hester takes all of the blame for the sin that they share. This is characteristic of the type of person that he his, and the highlight of his conscious of his soul. Being that the Reverend Dimmesdale is an important authority figure in the community, it isnt ever thought that someone in his position would commit such an act. In church, the crowds find his great speeches to be more of a metaphor or allegorical, rather than him expressing his discontent of the sin that he committed. The framework of his order inevitably hemmed him. As a man who had once sinned, but who kept his conscious all alive and painfully sensitive by the fretting, [.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] but this had been a sin of passion, not of principle, nor even purpose (Hawthorne 180). Dimmesdale death is taken into many different directions by the people of the town. His confession before his death is seen as a form of one last sermon, although some believe that the death was a type of divine intervention. When Hester emerged from the prison, she had a beautifully embroidered letter A on the breast of her gown. This letter was the talk of the town when Ester made her way to market. Many people in the village and at the market were at shock and awed by this display that was centered on the bosom of Hesters gown. One thing that was most unusual of what happened at the market was the fact that people were more distracted at the attention to detail of the embroidering in her gown of the particular letter that was being displayed. Adam and Eve are part of the first story in The Bible, Genesis. Adam is created by god to be cast upon the Earth. Once Adam is on Earth, he is placed into a very deep sleep where God takes one of Adams ribs and created a woman with that particular rib. The woman was created and named Eve. Adam and Eve are one; they are created from one another, are part of one another, and are one flesh. Adam and Eve live in the Garden of Eden, a paradise on Earth. God created this place for Adam and Eve and said that it is theirs. The only thing that they were not allowed was to eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The one rule that Adam and Eve had promised God that they would obey was that one rule. It was the rule that would test their desires, and show their faith in God. God did, however, allow Satan to roam freely within this Garden of Eden. In the story of Adam and Eve, Satan takes the form of a snake and entices them to eat the fruit that has been forbidde n by God. Once they ate the fruit, the original sin had been committed. This is the part where they lose their innocence and obtain fig leaves to cover their genitals. This sin leads to the banishment of Adam and Eve, by God, from the Garden of Eden [1]. Hawthornes word choice that is used to symbolize the sin between Hester and Dimmesdale, also symbolizes the sin that took place between Adam and Eve. But there is a fatality, a feeling so irresistible and inevitable that it has the force of doom, which [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the spot where some great and marked event has given the color to their lifetime; and [ the darker the tinge that saddens it (Hawthorne 83). The fatality could be seen as Satan, who was in the form of a snake in The Garden of Eden, snakes are poisonous which is another word for fatal. It could also be seen as symbolizing one of the deadly sins, lust. He then continues on to state that sins that are committed are not without the conscious knowing. That even when a sin is committed, and the sinner is the only one that is aware, the conscious will still know what happened, and a feeling of guilt will ensue. Hawthorne makes reference of the fig leaves that are in the story of Adam and Eve by using a metaphor in the form of a glove. Satan dropped it there; I take it intending a scurrilous jest against your reference. But, indeed he was blind and foolish, as he ever and always is. A pure hand needs no glove to cover it (Hawthorne 143). As previously stated, after the sin of Adam and Eve was committed, their genitals were then covered by fig leaves to signify that their innocence had been lost. By stating that a pure hand doesnt need a glove is referencing the fact of the nature between Hester, Dimmesdale, Adam and Eve were very similar in nature. By stating that something was placed by Satan, he is making a reference to the Garden of Eden and the fruit, because of the fact that God allowed Satan to roam freely in and around the Garden of Eden to tempt the couple that was staying there at the time. Hawthorne was a man of god, not as a preacher or a reverend, but rather a follower of Jesus Christ. One of the most infamous stories in The Bible is the story of Cain and Abel. Cain and Abel were brothers and the offspring of Adam and Eve. Cain and Abel were the first two humans to be born via conception and delivery, rather than being created by God as their parents were. They were born after Adam and Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden. Cain was a gardener who worked the ground, and Abel was a shepherd. Later on, the time came for Cain and Able to present their offering to God. Both brothers brought their contribution to God. Abel, being a shepherd brought some of the finest creatures in his flock. Cain, on the other hand, brought something that was very average and barely satisfactory. Cain had every option to present something that was of much better quality than what he chose to do, but it is speculated that he assumed that God would not know the difference and be obliviou s to his offerings. However, God did notice the difference and accepted Abels offering and rejected Cains offering. As with any siblings that are not granted the same thing, jealousy developed. Cain let his rage become anger and let it grow out of control. This led Cain to eventually murder his brother Abel. God was furious with Cain for the deed in which he had done. God made Cain aware that for the death of his brother, he was going to bestow a mark on him that was going to make the people aware of the deed that he had done. This was forever known as the mark of Cain. It is unknown what the mark of Cain was, specifically, but it has been speculated that the mark was placed on Cains forehead [2]. Many of Hawthornes works have many meanings that can be debated to the point where there are many possibilities. It was explained that the embroidered A on Hesters bosom stood for adulterer, however there is more meaning behind it. Hester had had an affair with the reverend. The affair took place before Hester was married. Therefore, it by definition was not an act of adultery on her part, but it was however a sin. They would have not placed an A for adultery on a person who wasnt an adulterer, but rather as a form of symbolism. As mentioned above, the mark of Cain was a way to symbolize that a sin had been committed. Although the sins were not the same in severity, they were however sins. Ah, but let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.] What do we talk of marks and brands whether on the bodice of her gown, or the flesh of her forehead (Hawthorne 49). The A of Hesters gown was Hawthornes way of placing emphasis on the mark of Cain and that A rather than standing for Adultery, could have stood for something relevant to the mark, such as that of Abel. It has been speculated and debated by religious and Christian scholars that the mark, given to Cain by God, was located on Cains forehead. If you will note the reference above, there is a direct statement that mentions branding a persons forehead. Hawthornes literature collection can be taken many ways by many different people that read his stories. This particular book bares reference to the strict by laws that governed the puritanical society that controlled and undermined the citizens of a particular region within a young United States. With this book being based off of a puritanical platform of belief, there are going to be many references to The Bible, which is the greatest book that has ever been published. Puritans were extremely grounded on the foundations of that particular book. One of the most well known stories that come forth from The Bible is the story of Adam and Eve and the original sin that they committed. Also, you will find many references to the story of Cain and Abel, the sons of Adam and Eve, which are conflicted by jealousy, and Cain is given a mark by God for sinning on his brother. Hawthornes characters that are featured in this particular literary work mirror those infamous characters that are feature d in The Bible; characters that were well known in the community of that particular time and place in history. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel.  The Scarlet Letter. New York, New York: Bantam Books, 2003. Print.

Necessary Evil for Men vs. Sexual Exploitation of Women :: social issues

Necessary Evil for Men vs. Sexual Exploitation of Women Abuse – transitive verb 1: to put to a wrong or improper use; 2: obsolete (deceive); 3: to use so as to injure or damage (maltreat); 4: to attack in words (revile). noun 1: a corrupt practice or custom; 2: improper or excessive use or treatment (misuse); a deceitful act (deception); 4: language that condemns or vilifies usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily; 5: physical maltreatment. Abuse, in any and all of its forms, is something many Korean women and girls deal with every day. In 2002, a survey done by the Korean Institute of Criminology, the number of sex purchases in Korea equaled to 4.4 of the countries GDP (Gross Domestic Product), almost the same as agriculture, forestry, and fishing industries combined. The survey also showed that there were at least 33,000 women working in prostitution. 8% of women working in Korea in their twenties and thirties were prostitutes. Also, a survey done by the Korea Women’s Hot Line showed that 42.6% of Korean men have purchased sexual service when having a drink. 12.9% of men said that they have bought sex when on business. 41.3% of all Koreans did not know that prostitution was illegal in Korea. Despite these outrageous numbers, prostitution has been illegal in Korea since 1961. A common place that prostitution takes place in is Miari Texas Village (Also known as Miari Texas, Texas Village, Texas Miari, or just plain Miari.) an area in north-eastern Seoul, with over 250 prostitution houses. In these houses, liquor and food are served in the front and in the back, sex services take place in the back rooms. On average, a woman will see five to ten men a night. The women usually get paid 1.5 million won ($1, 340.00) monthly, along with 1,500 won ($14.00) for each client they see. One very disturbing thing about Miari Texas is that 30% of about 1,000 prostitutes are under the age of eighteen. Even though prostitution is illegal, it is tolerated, if the women are over eighteen. Many of the young prostitutes in Miari Texas are runaways who feel they have nothing more to lose. The first prostitution house (brothel) was established in the 1920’s when Korean women were taken as sex slaves by the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910 – 1945). After the Korean war ended in 1953, the large American military presence led to the building of â€Å"camp town prostitution† for the U.

Youth Representation in movies Ten Things I Hate About You compared to Stand By Me :: Papers

Youth Representation in movies Ten Things I Hate About You compared to Stand By Me From the very beginning of both films we can see there is going to be a big difference. At the very beginning of "10 things I hate about you" we see a big town, which I think is Seattle because in the background I can see the "CN Tower", and also there is a sort of modern U.S.A. high school rock being played which is kind of upbeat. Unlike "Stand By Me" which starts off with an adult sitting in a car, in a field, in the middle of nowhere, and there is slow old music being played in the background as the adult is reading a newspaper article about an attorney being killed (later on we realise that the attorney was once a very close friend). Also from the very beginning "10 Thing'sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦." starts with very bright colours which shows us that its is going to be a cheerful, interesting and happy film, we can say this because that's the kind of feelings people get from bright colours. However "Stand by me" starts off with a quite dull colour scheme, because of the dull colour scheme we can say that it is going to be a sad film, as well as an emotional film. Also the youths in "10 Thing'sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦." lifestyles are basically going to school which we can relate to and also, they date, get drunk and have lots of friends which we can also relate to. However the youths in "10 Thing'sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦." are very privileged and we know this by all the places they can go and hang out, for example paint balling boating and all the sports that they are offered from school in which they can take part. Unlike "Stand By Me" which must be during the holidays because although the children mention school, we never see them in school, there lifestyle is completely different to the youths in "10 Thing'sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.", for example Chris, Verne, Gordie and Teddy usually lounge

The Impact of Computers on Education :: Educational Technology Essays

The Impact of Computers on Education Technology is all around us these days. If you don't understand the basics of computers and how to run one your choices of jobs and things to do are limited. Almost everywhere you go and every job you can think of uses computers. For this reason, computers have become a big part of the education system. I'm planning on teaching elementary students so I researched the impact that computers have had on teachers and students. When I become a teacher there is no doubt that I will use computers in my classroom and my students will do activities with computers. It is just the way to do things now. There are so many valuable programs out there to help students learn and to help teachers teach that computers are pretty much a necessity in classrooms. In my opinion for an elementary classroom there should be at least five to ten computers in each room. Without the access to the computers it is hard to take advantage of all the wonderful things a computer has to offer. Even using the internet has a source of information for the students or has a tutorial for students who are struggling. There are so many ways that classrooms will benefit from computers. The first thing I looked at was how teachers were being affected by computers. "Integrating technology into your teaching can change the way you deliver content to your classes.[1]" Not only are teachers affected by having to do grades and attendance by computers now but, they also have to worry about teaching their students about computers and integrating it into the daily lesson plans. By doing attendance on computers it saves a lot of time and confusion for schools. No one has to go around and pick up attendance and it does not have to be recorded anymore. Just one easy, quick step and it is all taken care of. In my opinion although computers can be very helpful it might take a while and some long hours for a teacher to switch over from running a classroom one way to using computers in their daily lesson plans.

Why Smart Phones Should Be Banned in Class

The cons of cell phones in school are numerous. The source of much public debate, the issue of whether to allow children and teens to bring their mobile phones to school has been discussed ad nauseam clear across the country, but even now, there is no clear-cut answer, solution or conclusion. Below we will discuss the many reasons why it might not be a good idea to allow the use of cell phones in the classroom. There are many reasons why cell phones should not be allowed in the classroom. Distractions When a child is in school, his or her purpose there is to learn, whether it be about Columbus sailing the ocean blue or about how electricity works. Young people are more easily distracted than their elders because they tend to have shorter attention spans. If they become bored with the class material, it doesn't take much for them to take out a Motorola Razar to play some cell phone games. How can you expect a teen to absorb all that knowledge if they're not even paying attention. Cheating Obviously, kids won't be able to take out their cell phones and talk to one another in the classroom during an exam, but the concept of â€Å"passing notes† has stepped into the age of technology, thanks to the advent of text messages. These can be sent quite discretely while in the classroom. Taking it one step further, a student can excuse himself to go to the washroom, only to use that time to send text messages and leave voice mails. You also have to bear in mind that cell phones are advancing and improving faster than ever. Certain smart phones can surf the Web (looking for test answers), others have advanced calculators, and depending on the software, it may even be able to run custom applications. The possibilities for cheating and copying are literally limitless, and thus another con of cell phones in school.

The Period in American History from 1781 to 1789

The period in American History from 1781 to 1789, when the linked States was organized below the Articles of Confederation, was non characterized by a blind drunk and effective political science, but instead provided the framework upon which a more effective g overnment could be built. The Articles of Confederation, since they pr sluiceted a absolute commutation regimen activity from having power over states pays, tended to earn problems for a political sympathies that wished to regularisation with whatsoever amount of authority.This was particularly evident in the field of views of foreign relations, cozy discontent over tariffs, and political party struggles. While the United States was attempting to establish itself in diplomatic affairs, this became progressively difficult to do since the federal government had little power when it came to tariffs and import duties, and overly because it had no way of enforcing any harmony which it do with other countries. John Jays conformity with Great Britain proposed measures which would improve relations among Great Britain and the U.S. , but because the U. S. was non a bullocky military power, it necessitate the means to carry out the agreements of Jays Treaty. A similar type of circumstance occurred when the U. S. tried to negotiate with Spain over the right to navigate on the Mississippi River. Because of the impuissance of the government under the Articles of Confederation, the United States did not reach a peaceful solving concerning the Mississippi River until the Pinckney Treaty of the 1790s.Political party struggles (or struggles betwixt the beginnings of political parties) also tended to bring about disunity in the early government, thereby debilitative its effectiveness. Rawlin Lowndes reflected the attitudes of the pre- entire era in his speech to the southwestward Carolina House of Representatives, when he stated that, earlier than tear down the equal government and adopt a constitution, attempts should be made to improve the existing structure.Further conflicts over the spirit of the Constitution occurred betwixt federalists, who supported a Constitution with provisions for a strong central government, and anti-federalists, who favored supremacy of states rights. These conflicts added to the existing troubles of the government under the Articles of Confederation, thus fashioning it even more difficult to rule in effect. Internal problems also existed in the area of land distribution, although these were solved fairly effectively by the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the north-west Ordinance of 1787.The manner in which rising lands acquired from Great Britain had been redistributed also caused an add in the faith of the government between 1781 and 1789. However, internal struggles continued to exist. Tariffs that were passed between states caused internal friction for the new country and the lack of a unified monetary governing body brought addition al problems. Since the government under the Articles was not given power to set up a sound currency system, or to establish a national bank, even greater disorganization prevailed.The founding fathers established this need for a stronger central government and eventually organized at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to discuss the problem. Although they acknowledge the present governments weaknesses, they also saw that the staple structure of it was based on a sound principle and should not be done away with completely. Although problems continued to exist over questions like whether to have a national bank, the Founding Fathers eventually hold that a Constitution and a strong central government would be needed if the government of the U. S. was to rule effectively.